chapter five: the parable of the medicinal herbs

　　 at that time the world-honored one said to mahakashyapa and the other major disciples: "excellent, excellent, kashyapa. you have given an excellent description of the true blessings of the thus come one. it is just as you have said. the thus come one indeed has immeasurable, boundless, asamkhyas of blessings, and though you and the others were to spend immeasurable millions of kalpas in the effort, you could never finish describing them.

　　 "kashyapa, you should understand this. the thus come one is king of the doctrines. in what he preaches, there is nothing that is vain. with regard to all the various doctrines, he employs wisdom as an expedient means in expounding them. therefore the doctrines that he expounds all extends to the point where there is comprehensive wisdom. the thus come one observes and understands the end to which all doctrines tend. and he also understands the workings of the deepest mind of all living beings, penetrating them completely and without hindrance. and with regard to the doctrines he is thoroughly enlightened, and he reveals to living beings the totality of wisdom.

　　 "kashyapa, it is like the plants and trees, thickets and groves, and the medicinal herbs, widely ranging in variety, each with its own name and hue, that grow in the hills and streams, the valleys and different soils of the thousand-millionfold world. dense clouds spread over them, covering the entire thousand-millionfold world and in one moment saturating it all. the moisture penetrates to all the plants, trees, thickets and groves, and medicinal herbs equally, to their big roots, big stems, big limbs and big leaves. each of the trees, big and small, depending upon whether it is superior, middling or inferior in nature, receives its allotment. the rain falling from one blanket of clouds accords with each particular species and nature, causing it to sprout and mature, to blossom and bear fruit. though all these plants and trees grow in the same earth and moistened by the same rain, each has its differences and particulars.

　　 "kashyapa, you should understand that the thus come one is like this. he appears in the world like a great cloud rising up. with a loud voice he penetrates to all the heavenly and human beings and the asuras of the entire world, like a great cloud spreading over the thousand-millionfold lands. and in the midst of the great assembly, he addresses these words, saying: " i am the thus come one, worthy of offerings, of right and universal knowledge, perfect clarity and conduct, well gone, understanding the world, unexcelled worthy, trainer of people, teacher of heavenly and human beings, buddha, world-honored one. those who have not yet crossed over i will cause to cross over, those not yet freed i will free, those not yet at rest i will put to rest, those not yet in nirvana i will cause to attain nirvana. of this existence and future existences i understand the true circumstances. i am one who knows all things, sees all things, understands the way, opens up the way, preaches the way. you heavenly and human beings, asuras and others, you must all come here so that i may let you hear the dharma!"

　　 "at that time living beings of countless thousands, ten thousands, millions of species come to the place where the buddha is, to listen to the dharma. the thus come one then observes whether they are diligent in their efforts or lazy. and in accordance with each is capable of hearing, he preaches the law for them in an immeasurable variety of ways so that all of them are delighted and are able to gain excellent benefits there-from.

　　 "once these living beings have heard the law, they will enjoy peace and security in their present existence and good circumstances in future existences, when they will receive joy through the way and again be able to hear the law. and having heard the law, they will escape from obstacles and hindrances, and with regard to the various doctrines will be able to exercise their powers to the fullest, so that gradually they can enter into the way. it is like the rain falling from that great cloud upon all the plants and trees, thickets and groves, and medicinal herbs. each, depending upon its species and nature, receives its full share of moistening and is enabled to sprout and grow.

　　 "the law preached by the thus come one is of one form, one flavor, namely, the form of emancipation, the form of separation, the form of extinction, which in the end comes down to a wisdom embracing all species. when the living beings hear the law of the thus come one, though they may embrace, read and recite it, and practice it as it dictates, they themselves do not realize or understand the blessings they are gaining thereby. why is this? because only the thus come one understands the species, the form, the substance, the nature of these living beings, he knows what things they dwell on, what things they ponder, that things they practice. he knows what law they dwell on, what law they ponder, what law they practice, through what law they attain what law.

　　 "living beings exist in a variety of environments, but only the thus come one sees the true circumstances and fully understands them without hindrance. it is like those plants and trees, thickets and groves, and medicinal herbs which do not themselves know whether they are superior, middling or inferior in nature. but the thus come one knows that this is the law of one form, one flavor, namely, the form of emancipation, the form of separation, the form of extinction, the form of ultimate nirvana, of constant tranquility and emptiness. the buddha understands all this. but because he can see the desires that are in the minds of living beings, he guides and protects them, and for this reason does not immediately preach to them the wisdom that embraces all species.

　　 "you and the others, kashyapa, have done a very rare thing, for you can understand how the thus come one preaches the law in accordance with what is appropriate, you can have faith in it, you can accept it. why do i say this? because the fact that the buddhas, the world-honored ones, preach the law in accordance with what is appropriate is hard to comprehend, hard to understand."

　　 at that time the world-honored one, wishing to state his meaning once more, spoke in verse form, saying:

　　 the dharma king, destroyer of being,
　　 when he appears in the world
　　 accords with the desires of living beings,
　　 preaching the law in a variety of ways.
　　 the thus come one, worthy of honor and reverence,
　　 is profound and far-reaching in wisdom.
　　 for long he remained silent regarding the essential,
　　 in no hurry to speak at once.
　　 if those who are wise hear of it
　　 they can believe and understand it,
　　 but those without wisdom will have doubts and regrets
　　 and for all time will remain in error.
　　 for this reason, kashyapa,
　　 he adjusts to the person to gain a correct view.
　　 kashyapa, you should understand
　　 that it is like a great cloud
　　 that rises up in the world
　　 and covers it all over.

　　 this beneficent cloud is laden with moisture,
　　 the lightening gleams and flashes,
　　 and the sound of thunder reverberates afar,
　　 causing the multitude to rejoice.
　　 the sun's rays are veiled and hidden,
　　 a clear coolness comes over the land;
　　 masses of darkness descend and spread-
　　 you can almost touch them.
　　 the rain falls everywhere,
　　 coming down on all four sides,
　　 its flow and saturation are measureless,
　　 reaching to every area of the earth,
　　 to the ravines and valleys of the mountains and streams,
　　 to the remote and secluded places where grow
　　 plants, bushes, medicinal herbs,
　　 trees large and small,
　　 a hundred grains, rice seedlings,
　　 sugar cane, grape vines.
　　 the rain moistens them all,
　　 none ails to receive its full share,
　　 the parched ground is everywhere watered,
　　 herbs and trees alike grow lush.
　　 what falls from the cloud
　　 is water of a single flavor,
　　 but the plants and trees, thickets and groves,
　　 each accept the moisture that is appropriate to its portion.
　　 all the various trees,
　　 whether superior, middling or inferior,
　　 take that is fitting for large or small
　　 and each is enabled to sprout and grow.
　　 root, stem, limb, leaf,
　　 the glow and hue of flower and fruit-
　　 one rain extends to them
　　 and all are able to become fresh and glossy,
　　 whether their allotment
　　 of substance, form and nature is large or small,
　　 the moistening they receive is one,
　　 but each grows and flourishes in its own way.

　　 the buddha is like this
　　 when he appears in the world,
　　 comparable to a great cloud
　　 that covers all things everywhere,
　　 having appeared in the world,
　　 for the sake of living beings
　　 he makes distinctions in expounding
　　 the truth regarding phenomena.
　　 the great sage, the world-honored one,
　　 to heavenly and human beings,
　　 in the midst of all beings,
　　 pronounces these words:
　　 i am the thus come one,
　　 most honored of two-legged beings.
　　 i appear in the world
　　 like a great cloud
　　 that showers moisture upon
　　 all the dry and withered living beings,
　　 so that all are able to escape suffering,
　　 gain the joy of peace and security,
　　 the joys of this world
　　 and the joy of nirvana.
　　 all you heavenly and human beings of this assembly,
　　 listen carefully and with one mind!
　　 all of you should gather around
　　 and observe the one of unexcelled honor.
　　 a am the world-honored one,
　　 none can rival me.
　　 in order to bring peace and security to living beings
　　 i have appeared it the world
　　 and for the sake of this great assembly
　　 i preach the sweet dew of the pure law.
　　 this law is of a single flavor,
　　 that of emancipation, nirvana.
　　 with a single wonderful sound
　　 i expound and unfold its meaning;
　　 constantly for the sake of the great vehicle
　　 i create causes and conditions.

　　 i look upon all things
　　 as being universally equal,
　　 i have no mind to favor this or that,
　　 to love one or hate another.
　　 i am without greed or attachment
　　 and without limitation or hindrance.
　　 at all times, for all things
　　 i preach the law equally;
　　 as i would for a single person,
　　 that same way i do for numerous persons,
　　 constantly i expound and preach the law,
　　 never have i done anything else,
　　 coming, going, sitting, standing,
　　 never to the end growing weary or disheartened.
　　 i bring fullness and satisfaction to the world,
　　 like rain that spreads its moisture everywhere,
　　 eminent and lowly, superior and inferior,
　　 observers of precepts, violators of precepts,
　　 those fully endowed with proper demeanor,
　　 those not fully endowed,
　　 those of correct views, of erroneous views,
　　 of keen capacity, of dull capacity-
　　 i cause the dharma rain on all equally,
　　 never lax or neglectful.
　　 when all the various living beings
　　 hear my law,
　　 they receive it according to their power,
　　 dwelling in their different environments.
　　 some inhabit the realm of human and heavenly beings,
　　 of wheel-turning sage kings,
　　 shakra, brahma ane the other kings-
　　 these are the inferior medicinal herbs.
　　 some understand the law of no outflows,
　　 are able to attain nirvana,
　　 to acquire the six transcendental powers
　　 and gain in particular the three understandings,
　　 or live alone in mountain forests,
　　 constantly practicing meditation
　　 and gaining the enlightenment of pratyekabuddhas-
　　 these are the middling medicinal herbs.
　　 still others seek the place of the world-honored one,
　　 convinced that they can become buddhas,
　　 putting forth diligent effort and practicing meditation-
　　 these are the superior medicinal herbs.
　　 again there are sons of the buddha
　　 who devote their minds solely to the buddha way,
　　 constantly practicing mercy and compassion,
　　 knowing that they themselves will attain buddhahood,
　　 certain of it and never doubting-
　　 these i call small trees.
　　 those who abide in peace in their transcendental powers,
　　 turning the wheel of non-regression,
　　 saving innumerable millions
　　 of hundreds of thousands of living beings-
　　 bodhisattvas such as these
　　 i call large trees.
　　 the equality of the buddha's preaching
　　 is like a rain of a single flavor,
　　 but depending upon the nature of the living being,
　　 the way in which it is received is not uniform,
　　 just as the various plants and trees
　　 each receive the moisture in a different manner.
　　 the buddha employs this parable
　　 as an excellent means to open up and reveal the matter,
　　 using various kinds of words and phrases
　　 and expounding the single law,
　　 but in terms of the buddha wisdom
　　 this is no more than one drop of the ocean.
　　 i rain down the dharma rain,
　　 filling the whole world,
　　 and this single-flavored dharma
　　 is practiced by each according to the individual's power.
　　 it is like those thickets and groves,
　　 medicinal herbs and trees
　　 which, according to whether they are large or small,
　　 bit by bit grow lush and beautiful.

　　 the law of the buddhas
　　 is constantly of a single flavor,
　　 causing the many worlds
　　 to attain full satisfaction everywhere;
　　 by practicing gradually and stage by stage,
　　 all beings can gain the fruits of the way.
　　 the voice-hearers and pratyekabuddhas
　　 inhabit the mountain forests,
　　 dwelling in their final existence,
　　 hearing the law and gaining its fruits-
　　 we may call them medicinal herbs
　　 that grow and mature each in its own way,
　　 if there are bodhisattvas
　　 who are steadfast and firm in wisdom,
　　 who fully comprehend the threefold world
　　 and seek the supreme vehicle,
　　 these we call the small trees
　　 that achieve growth and maturity.
　　 again there are those who dwell in meditation,
　　 who have gained the strength of transcendental powers,
　　 have heard of the emptiness of all phenomena,
　　 greatly rejoice in it in their minds
　　 and emit countless rays of light
　　 to save living beings-
　　 these we call large trees
　　 that have gained growth and maturity
　　 in this way, kashyapa,
　　 the law preached by the buddha
　　 is comparable to a great cloud
　　 which, with a single-flavored rain,
　　 moistens human flowers
　　 so that each is able to bear fruit.
　　 kashyapa, you should understand
　　 that through various causes and conditions,
　　 various kinds of simile and parable,
　　 i open up and reveal the buddha way.
　　 this is an expedient means i employ
　　 and the same is true of the other buddhas.

　　 now for you and the others
　　 i preach the utmost truth:
　　 none in the multitude of voice-hearers
　　 has entered the stage of extinction.
　　 what you are practicing
　　 is the bodhisattva way,
　　 and as you gradually advance in practice and learning
　　 you are all certain to attain buddhahood.